This book is a tribute to early pioneers and later innovators in applications of surgical principles for biliary stone disease. It is written as a challenge to all surgeons applying these principles to approach the biliary system with the safest and most appropriate technical support. This book is also written as a challenge to all those involved in the training of future generations of surgeons in the hope that critical standards in biliary surgical management will be promulgated and highlighted. The text contains knowledge from surgical leaders who played a vital part in the modern management of biliary stone disease. These contributions include their perceptions, wisdom and recommendations for the future. In doing so, the authors aim to discover ways to make the surgical management of biliary stone disease even better. This volume, thoughtfully curated by two eminent surgical scholars, provides perhaps the most complete history of the field. Dr. Berci and Dr. Greene enlisted a remarkable panel of distinguished colleagues from around the world to discuss every important element of surgical practice. These elements include: The resourcefulness of developing novel optics and instruments on “the fly”, the integration of new imaging capabilities into pre-operative assessments and intraoperative management, the challenge of educating prideful senior surgeons who were ill at ease with the distance imposed by a laparoscope, and the introduction of progressively more elegant ex vivo modules to train inexperienced juniors with limited open operative experience. Finally, it also discusses the never-ending task of ensuring the safety of one of the most common operations performed in the world, yet one with a persistent, if small, risk of life altering injury to the biliary ducts.